anonymous
2009-10-01 07:28:27 UTC
A welfare state is a social system whereby the state assumes primary responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, as in matters of health care, education, employment, and social security. It is a considered opinion that yes the liberals did lay the foundation of a welfare state, although it was also thought that they in fact only built and improved what was laid before. For example, the poor law, health act or the mines act. This essay will describe how the liberals did not lay the foundations of a welfare state but how they were a very important step to its completion.
Before the Liberals were in power, there were many acts which were trying to help the well being of the people, such as the mines act of 1842, the factory act of 1844, the public health act of 1848 and the educations act of 1870. A lot of these acts were ineffective, although further acts were pursued to build on this, for example the sanitation act built and improved on the public health act. This shows a decrease in "laissez faire" which basically means leave it alone, and an increase in state intervention.
The first act was the mines act of 1842, this prohibited the employment of females and boys below the age of 10. It also appointed inspectors to see that the provisions of the act were enforced. The Liberals then brought out reforms for employed/unemployed to help and improve this issue. This clearly shows that the Liberals did not lay the foundations to a welfare state, they only built upon what was there before.
Another act was the public health act of 1848. This was an issue that concerned people around the country. In London people such as Charles Booth analysed the level of deprivation and pressed for reform, the same was true in Northern cities such as Leeds, York and Manchester where people such as Seebohm Rowntree and Dr. Baker compiled reports on the conditions of the people. Perhaps the most famous and significant of these reports into the conditions people endured at the time was that of Edwin Chadwick. Chadwick was asked by the government to draw up a report on living conditions in Britain's towns and cities. This official report, 'The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population,' published in 1842 was of great importance in terms of forcing change. In it, Chadwick made a link between poverty, squalor and disease. This act was one of the first to challenge the notion of Laissez-Faire. Although it had its limitations. However the Liberals then pursued acts which would improve and build on the public health act which was already in place, this was a direct link to improving the act. They done this by introducing sanitation's act which created 'local boards of health'. This also shows how the Liberals only built on what was there before, which was the public health act.
Also there was the educations act, this stated that the country would be divided into about 2500 school districts, School Boards were to be elected by ratepayers in each district, the School Boards were to examine the provision of elementary education in their district, provided then by Voluntary Societies, and if there were not enough school places, they could build and maintain schools out of the rates and the school Boards could make their own by-laws which would allow them to charge fees or, if they wanted, to let children in free.
"Feed the body, feed the mind" - Margaret Macmillann
Margaret McMillan (1860-1931) and Rachel McMillan (1859-1917) were two sisters who fought for the education of young children to emphasise physical care and development. They campaigned and were successful in introducing free school meals under the 1906 Provision of School Meals Act and they introduced regular medical inspections for school children by opening the first clinic especially devoted to school children in 1908. Margaret Macmillan urged the Liberals to put forward these new regulations. Although these weren't the first acts put in place to help the education of children, as the educations act of 1870 was put in place first, again, the Liberals only built upon what was laid int he first place.
In conclusion, taking all information into consideration, the Liberals id not lay the foundations of a Welfare state, as acts were already put in place to help the Welfare of the citizens, the Liberals were only improving on what was laid in the first place.
Is it good enough :)? if not what could I improve on or add? please give your opinion, thanks :-D x