Here are my notes that I have collected about writing essays:
Essay Notes
Using Quotes:
-Use a colon
-Get rid of end punctuation except for ! and ?
-Put a period after ( ).
-Capitalize the first word of a quote
-No slant lines when indenting quotes
-Explain who the pronouns are referring to before the quote!
Persuasive Essay:
Intro
-Defines the controversy
-Explain opposing and pro sides
-Unbiased
-No one should know what side I’m on
-Thesis = KABOOM! Your argument/reveal what side you take.
Body
-Convince w/reason and evidence
-gather info, ed myself then bring in the big guns
-Method #1 – present con’s in one paragraph. This method is not as
strong because I don’t respond to each individually. Show flaws.
-Method #2 – match pro and con arguments in order to weight. 2 obvious concessions0 address one per paragraph, rebut one at a time
-Do not revisit your concessions. Idea: They have disappeared! Done! Don’t remind the reader of them
Conclusion
-not too broad
-be concrete
-restate thesis
-significance or why?
-If this were true…..
-What if?
General Essay Notes:
Topic Sentence- must support the thesis, come from the thesis, answer the question, be the 1st sentence the paragraph, related issues.
Elaboration- an idea, focused point, direct quotations
Constructing the Paragraph- create topic sentence, gather evidence
Body Paragraphs and Topic Sentences- build upon the claims made in the introductory paragraphs
Conclusion: reemphasize the points I made in my paper. It should have a call to action or speculate on the future of my topic, have no new claims
Tips for Writing Good Sentences
·Fix run-on sentences by rewriting the sentence or adding punctuation between two independent clauses.
·Correct sentence fragments by adding the missing subject or predicate to phrases or subordinate clauses.
·Eliminate faulty agreement by making subjects and predicates agree in person and number.
·Avoid misplaced modifiers by keeping them near the word they modify.
·Prevent faulty parallelism by matching grammatical structures in a sentence.
·Combine short, choppy sentences and vary word order for a smooth style.
Tips for Better Punctuation
·Commas should be used to join introductory clauses, after introductory clauses and phrases, to set off interrupting elements, with restrictive and nonrestrictive elements, with appositives, and between items or modifiers in a series.
·Semicolons are used to join closely connected independent clauses and between items in a series.
·Colons are used to introduce a list, formal statement, or restatement in a sentence.
·The dash, used to add interrupting phrases or clauses, and the parentheses, which sets off incidental information, should be used sparingly.
·Use quotation marks to identify quotes.
·Punctuation usually belongs inside the quotation marks.
Tips for Word Usage
·Watch out for frequently confused words.
·Hyphenate most compound adjectives that appear before a noun.
·Generally, spell compound adjectives that follow a noun and words with prefixes or suffixes as one word.
·Most compound adverbs are spelled as two words.
·Experience and a dictionary can help you choose the correct idiom when writing.
·Eliminate clichés, jargon, faddish words, and slang in your writing.
·Avoid redundant expressions and wordiness in writing.
Improving the Writing Process
·Be aware of your audience.
·Choose a topic that is narrowly defined and interesting to you.
·Begin by writing a thesis, an assertion about your topic.
·Develop several logical main ideas to support your thesis statements.
·Avoid plagiarism by identifying other writers' research and words with citations.
·Paraphrase long passages or main ideas in your own words.
·Organize your main ideas and outline them in writing before you begin drafting.
·Introductions should catch the reader's attention and provide a general orientation.
·Paragraphs should be unified around a central idea and connected to one another and to other paragraphs through transitional devices.
·Conclusions should bring all your main ideas together and leave the reader thinking.
·Never bring up new points or apologize in the conclusion.
·Always carefully edit and revise your drafts.
Constructing a Thesis:
-Answers a question
-Screams to be argued
-THESIS = TOPIC + SPECIFIC ASSERTION
-lets the reader know the main idea of the paper
-Answers the question: “what am I trying to prove?”
-Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout my paper
-it should guide the reader through my argument